Teamwork in Action

TEAMWORK IN ACTION Retail store that sells music CDs 1. In retail store that sell music CDs, the single measure best reflects the overall level of activity is Number of CDs sold. – In respect to changes in the measure of CDs sold, a variable cost is a cost that varies, in total, in direct proportion while a fixed cost remains unchanged, in total, regardless of any change. ->Examples of fixed and variable costs in respect to small changes in the measure of selling CDs: Cost| Cost behavior| | Variable| Fixed| The cost of advertising new store| | X|Number of CDs supplied| X| | The cost of renting space for store| | X| The electrical cost in store| | X| The direct labor cost| | X| The cost of delivering CDs | X| | Variable Cost Number of CDs supplied| Cost of CD| Total variable Cost – CDs| 1| 35. 000| 35. 000| 50| 35. 000| 1. 750. 000| 100| 35. 000| 3. 500. 000| Fixed Cost Monthly Labor cost| Number of CDs sold| Average cost per CD| 5. 000. 000| 20| 250. 000| 5. 000. 000| 7 0| 71. 428,6| 5. 000. 000| 150| 33. 333,3| 2. Relationship between the number of CDs sold and others: Cost| Behavior of the cost| In Total| Per Unit| Fixed cost| Total fixed cost is not affected by changed in the number of CDs sold. | Fixed cost per unit decreases as the number of CDs sold rises and increases as this number falls. | Variable cost| Total variable cost increases and decreases in proportion to changes in the number of CDs sold. | Variable cost per unit remains constant. | | | | Total cost| Increases and decreases in proportion to changes in the number of CDs sold| Average total cost per unit| Increases and decreases in proportion to changes in the number of CDs sold|

Opression of African Americans Essay

In the documentary Ethnic Notions directed by Marlon Riggs, illustrates the oppression African Americans have faced during the time of slavery up until the present day. The same forms of oppression blacks faced during slavery is the same type of oppression they faced today, decades after slavery was abolished. These forms of oppression still seen today are evidence that America has not made very little progress in eliminating the inequalities among the white and black Americans. The documentary uses different caricatures to portray African Americans in the wrong light. These characters were suppose to show the way black people looked, and behaved even though none of these characters actually depicted the way black people truly looked or acted. Even though the video focused manly on the way African Americans are perceived by society, it focused on an even bigger issue; the main point of the documentary was to provide evidence that African Americans were better off left in captivity during the times of slavery. Riggs begins the documentary by displaying the images of black caricatures that was introduced during the slavery time period, and explaining how those same caricatures have been seen around the world. Even today those same black caricatures can be seen in people homes, including in the homes of many African Americans. The people portrayed in these characters are all extremely dark with large lips, and very unappealing. Those cartoon caricatures do not in any shape or form bear a resemblance to what black people actually look like. All African Americans do not look exactly the same, but none of them are truly as dark as the caricatures and their lips are not as large and abnormally shaped as seen on the caricatures. Even though black people do not look like these cartoon characters, people still see those old images as a representation of all black people, as if they can not possibly see them looking any different, as if they were meant to look like anything else. The same concept of characterizing a single group of individuals can be observed in the video The Danger of a Single Story. In this video story teller Chimamanda Adichie discusses her experiences as a writer, who only wrote about British and white American people because that was all she knew. She was unaware of people that looked like existed her because she only ever read books about white people so that was all she knew. Then when she moved to America, she experienced the danger of a single story; before anyone got to know they already felt sorry for her and had expected her to act in a certain way. However they were surprised to learn that her life was nothing like the single story they heard about her and all other Africans. Unlike what they expected, Adichie did not live in poverty and she could read and write, and speak English. After arriving in America, Adichie began to really understand the meaning of the dangers of a single story. Instead of her getting angry, she was able to understand why they thought the way they did because just like them she too had developed a single story about a group of people. She understood that if people are only seeing the same images of a group of people over and over again, whether it’s through the media or my word of mouth that eventually that group of people will become what the media writes about them. After showing the images of black people, Riggs further explains the different roles of each of the caricatures. Some of these caricatures and images were during the time of slavery, while others were during the period when slavery had ended. The Mammy caricature was a mother who served the white people. She was portrayed as a fat, unattractive woman who loyally served her white master and his family. She did not complain and she appeared to always be happy, until she went home to her own family. In her own family she was viewed as the controller of males and one who angrily punished her children. The Mammy caricature was nothing like the real mammy, who was actually very pretty and attractive. She was only depicted as fat and ugly, so the she would not appear to be a threat to the white women; who at that time was the only females thought of as beautiful. Just like the Mammy caricature, the Uncle Tom caricature was also perceived as a person who enjoyed working for the white people. He was always seen smiling while playing with the white children, and so helpful to his master. The Mammy and Uncle Tom were never revealed as unhappy people, so people assumed that they were content with being slaves. The Mammy and Uncle Tom figures were not the only people that appeared to be enjoying slavery, but all other slaves seemed to be satisfied with it as well. The images that were being shown all showed the slaves singing and dancing, and smiling but none of those images showed the hardships that slaves faced. Only the positive images were shown to make the outside world believe slavery was okay, and that no harm could come from having slaves. One dance the slaves danced was called the Jim Crow, it was a dance symbolized the way African Americans felt about segregation. The dance was not meant to be any racist term, but yet when the white man came and imitated the dance was when Jim Crow term began a racist statement and when the Jim Crow character was created. A white man named Rice one day so a black man dancing, so he decided to mock this man’s dancing. So Rice put black paint on his face and white paint around his mouth, so he appeared to be a black man impersonating other black people. The use of black paint became known as black face. Black face became the most popular form of entertainment for people to watch. People thought it was funny to watch a white man pretend to be black. Black face became so popular that even black men started participating in black face entertainment. These black men would put black paint on their face even though their faces were already dark, and prance around the stage mimicking their own people. They used black face as a way to make a little extra money since they were not getting enough from the white people. It was not until after slavery ended that these cartoon caricatures started to represent bad images of black people. No longer did the images show slaves as happy people, but instead it depicted African Americans as angry, violent people. Those images were used to conclude that black people were actually better off as slaves, instead of free people. The Pickaninny caricature was a representation of the black children. These kids appeared to be savage like by showing them with no shoes on, and the children were eating by alligators. When people saw these images of the children thought the children were like animals that belonged in the jungle, instead of a part of society. Then there was the Brutal Black Buck caricature that made black people become indentified as brutes. These brutes were savage people who could use any sort of violence to get what they wanted all of people. When different movies were being created, it showed black man looking for a white woman, who was a virgin to raped and abuse. When people kept seeing images like that they started to believe that black people were angry savages; savages not meant to fit in with the rest of society. All of these different caricatures were a representation of all black people. Even though these caricatures were nothing like black people, the rest of society believed these caricatures were an accurate representation of black people. They expected all people of color to act the way those cartoon caricatures did. When people see the happy caricatures that existed during slavery, then to watch the brutal caricatures after slavery ended, they begin to wonder if the abolishment of slavery was really necessary. They start to assume African Americans were the happiest during slavery, so why not resort back to that old tradition.

Globalisation as a Catalyst for Western Job Loss Essay

Globalisation as a Catalyst for Western Job Loss - Essay Example Globalisation as a Catalyst for Western Job Loss Making the statement that all jobs will be lost as a factor of globalisation is not supported by the research on this topic of study, hence concluding with support for the notion would be an irresponsible assessment. Domestic labourers can be sacrificed in favour of a new variety of worker, who is foreign in residence and can be paid wages which are considerably lower than their domestic counterparts. Further, globalisation provides the foundation for an imbalance between domestic product output and the volume of importations experienced by Western nations each year; especially the United States. Though to say that complete elimination of domestic jobs will occur would be somewhat unrealistic, it is clear that due to an aggressive push toward globalising the corporate West, substantial domestic job loss is likely inevitable. Multiple Perspectives on Globalisation and Job Loss Scott (2003) provides ample support for continued job loss stemming from globalisation by highlighting a series of statistics in the U.S. domestic job market. The author points out how the imbalance between import and export goods which is created when previously-domestic production facilities are shifted to overseas markets. To illustrate this point, Scott further suggests that during the 1990’s, the U.S. experienced considerable job growth, due to phenomenon he identifies as the boom and bust period where consumer consumption levels were high, driving domestic production.

The Automobile industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Automobile industry - Essay Example The automobile industry is a textbook example of an industry where economies of scale pay a very important role. While there may be dozens of players around the world who produce, support and work with the industry, there are only a few producers who can claim to have a significant share of the market. Similarly, even though cars are produced in almost every developing and developed nation, only a few countries contribute in a significant manner to the global car production and consumption statistics. This can be attributed to the fact that the first automobiles were produced and developed soon after the industrial revolution by countries that had the required infrastructure and engineering skills. For example, the first steam powered three wheeler was built in France in 1769 and the first internal combustion engine was built in Belgium while the Germans made the predecessor of the modern car in 1885. Ford started his assembly line plans in 1896 and the mass production of motor vehicles was created as an established industry (Baki, 2004). In the modern world, there are just a few companies who define the overall structure of the automobile industry. They are: GM, Ford, Daimler-Chrysler, BMW, VW, Volvo, Toyota, Mazda, Mitsubishi and Nissan. These companies also formed an industry alliance which is called the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers. In the last two decades, the industry has seen a spike in mergers and acquisitions which has consolidated many different brands of cars under the same company (Raisch and Zimmerman, 2006). Very recently, technology and innovation has come to the forefront of car manufacturing since the pervasive nature of technology has motivated car producers to accept it as a given focus. For the present companies in the automobile industry, there are several different challenges which must be addressed. The first and most important

Why object Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why object - Essay Example the official purpose of the Census is to count everyone for the purpose of congressional representation.†1 Taxation only with representation is the basis of America’s break from England. The census is also good for tracing statistical data, which helps fight poverty, determines if enough food supplies are available for the current population, and helping people with trace their genealogy. These are some of the helpful uses for the census. The intentions of censuses are good, but censuses can also be deplorable. In America, the census does not just count people for representation; it gathers information on the race of the population. One author states â€Å"It is the United States, however, that has the longest continuous history of placing its entire population into mutually exclusive racial categories based on pseudo-scientific theories."2 Although segregation ended during the Civil Rights Movement, the American census has never caught up. One author even suggests the "Census established the official tradition of collecting racial data. The purpose was far from benign. It is no accident that this decade witnessed the most intense attempts to build a segregated racial order.†3 The categories of race used by the census are wrong. Other organizations could place people in races, but the American Census Bureau should only count people. The consequences of racial grouping can be deadly. Nazi Germany proved that. The Nazis conducted two censuses one in 1933, then one in 1939. Without these censuses, the Nazis would not have been to methodically roundup the Jews, leading to the death of six million.4 If Germany’s 1933 and 1939 censuses would have only counted people, not race, the Nazi’s would have had a harder time in identifying Jews. If used for statistical purposes, or for congressional representation, the census is good. The racial aspect of the census needs to be reconsidered. Like so many other governmental practices in America, the census

Discussion and problem solving questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discussion and problem solving questions - Essay Example It is also great storage of large digital files like digital music and digital photos/movies (http://www.iwebtool.com/what_is_dvd-rw.html). 3. With the capability to store digital music, the audio CD has revolutionized the way we play and listen to recorded music. Now music can be downloaded over the Internet and played on PCs, solid-state MP3 players, and other electronic devices. Does this signal the beginning of the end of the audio CD? Explain. Now that music can be easily down loaded from the Internet, it seems that audio CDs are actually in danger of extinction just like those vinyl LPs of old times. Young people today are incapable of listening to one whole album due to the short attention span they have. The consumers of the world today cannot be forced to buy one whole album when what they want is just that one song or music they can download from the Internet so easily (Meagher, 2009). 4. Today’s continuous speech-recognition systems are able to interpret spoken words more accurately when the user talks in phrases. Why would this approach be more accurate than discrete speech where the user speaks one word at a time with a slight separation between words? There are two types of speech recognition software; the discreet and continuous. The latter is the latest technology that is capable of reading the speech which is spoken continuously. Speech recognition is definitely helpful tool for professionals and students who are doing a lot of typing, but it is also a helpful tool for people with disability. Continuous speech recognition is better and more accurate than discreet, because it allows the user to talk in a more natural and comfortable manner, but it requires higher specified PCs. It requires higher RAM and faster processor (Davis, 1999). 5. Describe the benefits of using a notebook PC, in conjunction with an LCD projector during a formal business presentation as opposed to the traditional alternative (transparency acetates and an

I though I knew what good management was Article

I though I knew what good management was - Article Example his mix feelings, when he arrived in SFD for his first time, where there were approximately one hundred workers on the site, including the gasification pilot plant, support, building and offices. Peace explains that he had mixed feelings of challenges of significant opportunities and threat of situations concerning technology and market, which were foreign to him. Moreover, he explains that it took him four years to gather confidence in discussing issues related to technology with knowledgeable customers. Peace also had problems with employee attitudes, which he identifies through attitude survey months before he arrived in the company. In fact, he compared these attitudes with others, and they were not favorable to him, though he had a solution for these issues, which included effective communication and site cafeteria for addressing the employees. The employees’ attitudes attributed to distrust of management and hostility, which was difficult for him to understand. During the period when trouble was brewing, problems, which seemed to have been resolved, kept recurring, and the managers were applying the same agenda. Consequently, the employees were complaining about innovative ideas from the management were impractical risky and expensive. Peace also explains that he was unhappy with lack of management follow-through, since the managers seemed to be against the system, though the business objectives were well articulated in the company. Moreover, he mentions about his effort in calling a meeting for a discussion related to issues of management style, which bore no fruits. Peace narrates about the period when the problem escalated in the company, whereby there was undeclared war within the division, which might have gone on indefinitely to act of vandalism. In fact, during November 1982, there were unidentified employees involved in slashing the tires of two cars belonging to the managers parked off-site. This act was due to the employee resentment towards

See des Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

See des - Essay Example re concerned, much of the motivation that get people to patronize matches has to do with personal thoughts of people about the sporting discipline in question, players involved in the game, competing teams, and other social factors. Though the need for marketing strategies is generally necessary, a lot of the respondents pointed to the fact that they attended the game because of the performance of the two teams of the day. Greater part of the respondents also indicated that they are selective of the kind of games to watch based on the performance of the teams involved and whether or not they have personal favorites among the players taking part in the game. Some others also pointed out that their presence had no linkage with marketing done by the teams but that they were there as part of their social curricula activities. The researcher can therefore conclude that for people to get more students to games, they ought to create very good personality marketing for their teams and player s. This is because if the teams and their players have very good image in the eyes of the students, they students will go and watch their games as part of their social relaxation activities. Interview someone who works for a retail store about how they choose which products the store sells. You will have to interview an owner or manager who is involved in the product decisions. A clerk at a store will not know how the products are picked. You can interview them about a particular product line (like snow boards or stuffed animals or soft drinks) or new products. This question should include some detail-not just â€Å"what people buy is what we keep†. The popularity of a product is determined by the public promotion and popularity of the product. This is because the interviewee indicated that there are shoppers who come to the shop and ask for specific products because they have heard advertisements on the products. This confirms the saying that buyers take decisions based on what

Issues in accounting for R&D investment - a perspective from the Dissertation

Issues in accounting for R&D investment - a perspective from the pharmaceutical industry - Dissertation Example The companies operating in the pharmaceutical industry spend millions of dollars each year in the research and development expenditure so that they are able to devise new methods and medicine that are able to cure and provide sustenance to the human body from deadly diseases. From the financial perspective, the research and development expenditure forms an integral part of the financial statements of any pharmaceutical company. Over the years, a debate has been going between the financial managers and the economists regarding the fact pertaining to the accounting treatment of the research and development expenditure in the financial statements of the pharmaceutical companies. ... This particular, in addition to providing a brief historical background of the R&D accounting treatments, highlights the following main R&D accounting issues and their most prudent accounting treatment in the financial statements of a pharmaceutical company: Goodwill accounting during merger and acquisition transaction between multinational Exchange of intangible assets with continuing involvement Upfront payments to conduct research with access to the research Payments made to conduct research Upfront payments received to conduct development: Interim recognition Upfront payments received to conduct development: Completion Donation payment for research Loans received to fund research and development purposes Segmental reporting of internal research and development Treatment of development supplies Advertising and promotional expenditure Accounting for the cost of free samples Line extension development costs The paper also presents the linkage between the research and development exp enditure and financial viability. For this purpose the last three financial years of AsteraZeneca is used. Introduction The top of the worldwide pharmaceutical market is the US and it is expected to hit almost $345 billion in 2014. The second largest market is the Japanese market and then the European market including Germany France, and Chinese market (Market line industry guide, 2012). However, the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Wholesalers (IFPW) shows that growth rates in developed and developing markets based on their capability to recover from the economic crisis is significantly inconsistent. According to the research of Urch Publishing (2012), the global pharmaceutical industry in 2014 is expected to be worth over $1 trillion with a 5% compound annual growth

Principles of Fire Behavior Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Principles of Fire Behavior - Research Proposal Example Passive fire protection refers to measures that are generally built into buildings during construction in accordance with fire codes. The following will outline various modes and techniques of both suppressant agents and of fire suppressing strategies. In the suppression of wildfires, it should first be noted that wildfires that do not threaten human habitation generally are allowed to burn. Wildfires are part of a natural process, and as such they are not considered to be a bad thing. Where wildfires become a problem is when they threaten human habitation. Water is the most common fire suppressant agent, but the mode of delivery depends upon the location and terrain of the wildfire. For instance, water can be delivered by plane or by helicopter. These same planes or helicopters can be used to deliver various chemical fire suppressing agents as well. Firefighters also repel or parachute, which is referred to as smoke jumping, into areas in order to set up pre-emptive fire suppressing measures. On the ground, firefighters use small water or chemical agent pumps in order to douse and control small fires from spreading. Additionally, they will carry chainsaws in order to construct firebreaks, which is simply removing combustible mate rials from an area in order to prevent the spread of fire. Furthermore, tanker trucks carrying thousands of gallons of water are utilized to deliver water or other suppressant agents to where they are needed (Berry 2007). Human life is considered the most important factor in fire suppression. After this, various aspects such as the protection of property, health, safety, and ecological factors are taken into consideration. In the worst cases of enormous fires, the preservation of human life is the only possible action that can be taken. Cost and safety or firefighters is taken into consideration as well. Another technique in wildfire suppression is the creation of

Peace Building and Community Development Essay Example for Free

Peace Building and Community Development Essay Community development is a multi-faceted activity that has different ends. It also has different requirements depending on the needs of people inside the community. Development can be achieved through sustaining small and medium businesses, ensuring education for all, managing inclusion and diversity, keeping peace and order, and creating comprehensive disaster management. Through these, a community can be sustainable. Peace and order is an important aspect of community development. Without peace and order, it is impossible to unite the members of the community and enforce other sustainability projects. It will also be difficult for the community to prosper if chaos is widespread. Businesses will perish and investors will be elusive. This shows that peace building is important for a community. According to Maiese (2003), the United Nations defined peace building as an interplay of â€Å"capacity building, reconciliation, and societal transformation†. For other organizations, the short-term goals are more evident—peace building revolves around promoting peace in an immediate situation. In hindsight, despite the contradiction, both definitions are true. They also help create the whole concept of peace building for communities. Peace building can concentrate on resolving current issues between constituents. It involves moderating by authorities or other members of the community to maintain understanding between parties. On the other hand, it is also creating a society where the constituents are educated and transformed so that they do not only know peace but also lives peace. In these terms, education plays an integral role. This creates a community which is not only dependent on intermediaries but with self-regulation of peace as well. In the end, a community filled with peace-loving citizens is a community where peace has been built.

The Gospel of Matthew Essay Example for Free

The Gospel of Matthew Essay The Gospel of Matthew has long been claimed by theologians as the most Jewish of the four Canonical Gospels (Harris 98). The author of Matthew stresses the role of Jesus Christ as a fulfillment of Jewish prophecy, or as a fulfillment of the Abrahamic covenant. Matthew 4. 1-11 draws upon the main themes of Exodus, presenting Jesus as compared to the Israelites in their journey through the desert. The wilderness can be seen to represent the negative and the positive aspects of human covenant life, as expressed in Exodus as well as in Matthew 4. 1-11. The wilderness can be seen as a place of transformation and trial, as evidenced by the scarcity of food and water, the temptation of idolatry, and the need for a faith that is rooted in deep surrender and trust in God to nourish and protect. The wilderness represents human life. Matthew 4. 1-11 presents itself as a fulfillment of the covenant formed at Mount Sinai in the Book of Exodus, while emphasizing Jesus Christ as the God-man among us, ‘Emmanuel’ (Matt, NRSV, 1. 23). Biblically, the wilderness represents a place of extremes: The risk of death is imminent and very real, and survival depends on choices made and factors that are beyond the control of humankind. Perhaps it was this dual nature of the wilderness: A place to encounter and enter into a trusting relationship with God, but also a place to face the dark side of nature, that led American naturalist John Muir to write, â€Å"In God’s wilderness is the hope of the world† (Muir 86). In the Book of Exodus, the unpredictable, dangerous landscape of the Wilderness leads to a primal fear of death that manifests itself in many of the Israelites losing faith in Yahweh to protect and provide for their tribe: The Israelites doubt that God will provide the water that Moses draws out of the rock, the Israelites fear hunger before God produces Manna to feed the multitudes, and at Sinai, the Israelites engage in idolatry through the worship of the golden calf (Exodus). Through all of these trials, the Israelites falter and doubt the promise of God. Although they are delayed and punished for their shortcomings, the Israelites finally reach the Holy Land (Josh 10. 14). In the Book of Matthew, the Israelites’ time of journey in the desert can be seen to mirror Jesus’ time of trial in the wilderness (as celebrated in Christian liturgy as Lent). Just as the journey to the Promised Land was littered with frightening and dangerous events that eventually led to Joshua conquering Canaan, the time of Lent leads to the ‘Good News:’ The hope of Eternal Life through the Passion of Christ (Josh 10). Where the people of Israel gave into human fear and temptation, Jesus became the ‘perfect human,’ giving his life willingly to God and humanity. However, the Gospel of Matthew emphasizes the humanity of Jesus in the face of Satan’s temptations: Jesus fasts for 40 days and 40 nights, but he feels human hunger, â€Å"He fasted for forty days and forty nights, and afterwards he was famished† (Matt 4. 3). Likewise, Jesus feels human fear and terror in the Garden of Gethsemane, begging the Father to â€Å"Remove my cup of wrath† (Luke 22. 42). Thus, Jesus faces the same temptations as the Israelites in the Book of Exodus when He faces the Devil in the Wilderness, but He demonstrates a perfect faith that is evidenced not by His lack of fear, but rather His complete and perfect obedience. Jesus’ time in the wilderness can be seen as a journey of transformation and covenanting that allows Jesus to emerge renewed and filled with the Holy Spirit. In the Gospel of Matthew, Jesus enters the wilderness just after His baptism by John the Baptist where the voice of God declares that Jesus is the Messiah (Matt 3). This can also been seen to echo Jewish scripture, where God claims Abraham and Sarah’s son Isaac as his own, the child of the Covenant (Gen 17. 1). The time of trial in the wilderness can be seen as a period of transformation, in which Jesus earns His role as the Savior. In much the way that Jesus bestows power upon Peter following the foot-washing ceremony in the Gospel of John, the Gospel of Matthew provides the story of Jesus in the Wilderness as a time of commissioning. Throughout Matthew 4. 1-11, Jesus refutes the Devil’s temptations through the use of Hebrew Scripture. This highlights Jesus’ role as the Messiah, and claims him as the Davidic King prophesized by Isaiah (Is 26. 1). It is this emphasis on Jesus’ salvific role depending on His obedience, dedication, and hard work that is demonstrated in Matthew 4. 1-11 that leads to His Passion on the Cross. The importance and sacrifice inherent in His death depend on His sacrifice as a gift of free will, which is mirrored in his choice to give His life over to God, in spite of the Devil’s promises. The concept of wilderness is one that is deeply rooted in the Hebrew Scriptures: In fact, both the Abrahamic and Sinai covenanting are presented in the context of voyaging through the unknown. The obedience and faith in God that is emphasized through the Book of Exodus becomes perfectly executed through the life and Passion of Jesus. His experience in the wilderness highlights His perfection and devotion even in the face of His complete humanity, and represents the perfect fulfillment of the Journey to the Promised Land, and humanity’s Covenant promise. The Gospel of Matthew highlights the fact that the period of Lent leads to the promise of Easter, and the advent of a life free of death, in perfect communion with God. Works Cited Harris, Stephen L. , Understanding the Bible. USA: Palo Alto Press, 1985. Muir, John, Ed: Wolfe, Linnie Marsh. John of the Mountains: the Unpublished Journals of John Muir. Milwaulkee: Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1979.

The Heroes Of The Middle Ages English Literature Essay

The Heroes Of The Middle Ages English Literature Essay The Anglo-Saxon period and the Middle Ages period were two major historical sections of English history. These two periods have very distinct aspects of literature. The hero has evolved from one period to the next. The epic hero was during the Anglos-Saxon period, and the romance hero was during the Middle Ages. These heroes have similar qualities, but the evolution from the epic hero to the romance hero is very evident. Heroes played an important role in British Literature during the Anglo-Saxon period and Middle ages and set values and characteristics for many warriors and knights of the time period. The Anglo-Saxon hero is also known as the epic hero. He or she is typically a warrior who shows no mercy and fights for his or her country. This is the type of hero that is usually portrayed in ancient wars. This hero is ruthless, however, very obedient. Courage and loyalty defined the epic hero. For example, he or she will do anything to protect the lord. This hero performed his or her duties with little emotion, often performing grueling and gruesome tasks without any complaint. He or she did whatever it took t perform the duties. Beowulf is a great example of an Anglo-Saxon hero. The comitatus can be defined as an agreement lords made with their warriors. The epic hero was true to the comitatus. Warriors fought for their lord; warriors provided protection, while the lord provided everything else the warriors needed. This relationship was crucial for the survival of everybody. No one has a place to live without the land from the lord, and no one has protection from the enemy withou t the warriors. A major part of being an epic hero was showing respect to your own family members. In Beowulf, Unferth killed his own brother. Beowulf, being an epic hero, related Unferths actions to being a coward. Beowulf describes Unferth as a coward for killing his own brother. This is one of the greatest crimes in the Anglo-Saxon period. Families and tribes are held in such high regard that for someone to betray his or her own family member is one of the worst possible crimes. Beowulf supports his success with stories involving fighting sea-monsters, while he discredits the worthiness of Unferth. Beowulf says, Breca has never- nor you either- done a deed so bold and daringà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦though you became your brothers killerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦for that you needs must suffer punishment in hell. Beowulf talks about the lack of Unferths achievements, and he mentions the wrongdoings of Unferth. Unferth killed his own brother, and Beowulf points out that Unferths actions have made him unable to be a hero . Family always comes first, and a good hero always protects his or her family, and certainly never harms his or her own family member. Anglo-Saxon heroes also avoided showing emotion. Sadness only gets in the way of the task at hand. the warrior must focus on his or her objectives, and not succumb to his or her emotions. These feelings only cloud the thoughts of the warrior. This would hinder him or her from doing the best job. A warrior must ignore his or her feelings to avoid death. Every action must be perfect. War is no place for someone to think twice or feel bad about anything. A warrior needs to have a way of not thinking about the action, but performing it with deadly accuracy every time. Fate and courage play a large part in Beowulf. Beowulf says, Wyrd often spares an undoomed man, when his courage endures. It was believed that the gods had control over fate. If a warrior shows courage, he will be spared. Courage is detrimental if the warrior wishes to survive. Courage plays an important role in fate, and it comes to play in everyday fighting. Courage will simply help a warrior survive, disregarding fate. A courageous warrior will attack his enemy when he or she needs to and make the decisions promptly before it is too late. Before battle, a warrior must mentally prepare. He or she must build up the courage to fight through any obstacle that comes in the way. Also, before battle, a warrior must free his or her mind of any negative emotions, such as fear or sadness. These negative emotions will only cloud the warriors mind, making it a little bit harder to perform every task. Being emotional in battle could kill a warrior. Good warriors always hid and controlled their emotions during battle. Epic heroes were known for their respect, ruthlessness and lack of emotion. However, like any other hero, they sought fame. Beowulf says, let him who can bring about fame before death- that is the best for the unliving man after he is gone. Warriors were not doing everything for the good of their country or lord. These men and women were also famous for their feats and accomplishments on the battlefield. Death was always a possibility every time a warrior went to battle. The Anglo-Saxons did not believe in heaven or anything after life on Earth, therefore, life on Earth was to be lived to the fullest. People held nothing back, all glory and fame was earned during life; there was nothing to look forward to after death. Therefore, a warriors greatest achievement was to succeed on the battle field. After Beowulf dies, he is described as the mildest of men and the most gentle, the kindest of folk and the most eager for fame. This shows that desiring fame was completely acceptable in the Anglo-Saxon period. People strived for fame and honor. In the Anglo-Saxon period it was not enough to just be a good warrior, that warrior needed to be known for being a good warrior. A romantic hero must possess an understanding of his inner-self or inner-world.   He must also understand the value of his experiences through emotions, intuition, and feelings rather than logically reasoning.   The audience must also be able to emotionally connect with the romantic hero on some level of emotion so that no matter the experience of the hero, the audience will relate to his experiences. A romantic hero transcends society; birth and class are unimportant. The battle the hero takes part in is internal, and the hero makes his or her own rules. Unlike the great warrior, self knowledge is valued more than physical strength or endurance. This hero is more intellectual than the epic hero. However, this hero is moody, isolated and introspective. Also, his or her loyalty is to a community. The earliest accounts in which Arthur appears portray him as a historical hero who comes to assume national importance.  Ã‚  By the Twelfth Century he has been transformed by courtly writers from a historical and national hero to a hero of romance. After the Anglo-Saxon period, the Middle Ages period took over. The epic hero transformed into the romance hero. King Arthur is one of the famous romance heroes of his time. King Arthur has been described as the leader of battles, who slaughters many pagans. He was a hero and a king, commonly referred to as the savior of Britain. Many stories about King Arthur have been transformed around myths, legends and scattered and contested facts. He was based on many historical figures. The legend of King Arthur was first mentioned in The Gododdin in 600 AD. The text praises a certain warrior but says he was no Arthur. Arthur is known as an extraordinary warrior. The Welsh did not describe him as a king but as a war leader. His legacy was quickly spread after 1138 when Geoffrey of Mummouth wrote the first full biography of King Arthur. This quickly spread of Europe and allowed Arthur to become a figure of romance. However, this biography has not been proven to be factual. This further leads t o the idea that much of what is known about King Arthur today is based on fictional stories. During the Middle Ages, John Hardyng and Robert Mannyng accepted the legend of King Arthur as real; however, William of Newburgh thought of Arthur as a fictional character. Also, in the Decline and Fall, written by Edward Gibbson, he stresses the reality behind King Arthurs tale and believes it to be a true story (Ashe vii). Arthurs character has been filled with many virtues and few flaws, each varying from text to text. He has been described as compassionate and generous. He rarely acted in ways of wrath or pride; he was the Romantic hero of his time period. He is well known for being faithful to his knights and his queen. Jacques de Longuyon made of list of heroes, and among this list of many notable characters from Julius Caesar to men of the Bible was Arthur. He was a symbol of glory, valor and virtue. Arthur was first put into literature in the French romances. These were of Celtic and Welsh origin. His claim to royal leadership was the Sword in the Stone from Robert de Borons Merlin early in the thirteenth century. Arthur was the only man who was able to remove the sword from a slab of rock. King Arthurs stories have many origins to Celtic stories such as the hunt of the white stag and journeys to enchanted castles and forests. Elements of his stories include abduction and loss of Guinevere, battle of Camlan and the death and return of Arthur. He led his armies to battle with a religious purpose similar to the epic hero, however, those religions were very different. King Arthur had the image of the Virgin Mary on his shield, and his battle cry was the name of the Mother of God. During one of his many battles, legend says that King Arthur kill 960 men in one day by himself. A welsh writer wrote, Arthur, having carried the cross of Christ on his shoulders for three days and three nights, was victorious in the Battle of Badon. Myth and truth always surround the legends of King Arthur. It has become difficult to differentiate between what is true and what is false. Arthur transformed from a historical figure to a figure of mythic proportion. This is primarily because most of his stories and legends were only transferred by word of mouth. This provided a lot of room for exaggerations and fairy tales inside of the stories of King Arthur. The courtly entourage was a necessary step to transition King Arthur from a local chief to a great king. This was something new about the romance hero that the epic hero did not have. King Arthur had incentive to succeed in battle from a woman, and King Arthurs bravery and nobility would reciprocate back to the woman and be incentive for her to be pure. King Arthur is described as more courtly and less barbaric, as possessing other than marital attributes and abilities. Courtly love was established during the Middle Ages and greatly emphasized in the legend of King Arthur. In this time period, knights devoted themselves to a single lady. In principal, courtly love was purely emotional; no physical actions were to take place. Therefore, whether the lady was married or single, courtly love was accepted as a normal cultural action. The Art of Courtly love was written by Maries chaplain Andreas in 1175, and this laid the laws of courtly love in this time period. This piece explained how to approach a lady the proper way and address his desires of courtly love. This piece also explains how to communicate to one of a lower class, for example, a nobleman may address a man of the middle class because the nobleman is of a higher class. Although courtly love was intended to be purely emotional, physical relationships were started because of courtly love. Many knights and their respective ladies went passed courtly love and took part in physical actions usuall y leading to adultery. In the Wedding of King Arthur, he said, This fair lady is more than welcome to me, for I have loved her since I first saw her and the hundred knights and the Table Round please me more than any riches. This statement is a great example of his courtly love and chivalry. He is not the epic hero from the Anglo-Saxon era; he focuses more on love and chivalry. He cares about his lady and his knights. Love and honor are more important to King Arthur than riches and fame. Overall, the epic hero and romance hero were similar warriors, but their supporting characteristics were very different. The epic hero was more ruthless and focused on battle and his army, while the romance hero was very different. The romance hero focused more on love and relationships outside of battle. Courtly love played a large role in the romance hero but was not a part of the epic hero. However, the epic hero did place a lot of respect on family and respect. These heroes of the Anglo-Saxon period and the middle ages played a large part in much of the British literature of these time periods.

Installing A Car Stereo System :: essays research papers

Installing A Car Stereo System Throughout this project, each component will be required to be compatible with the other components chosen. The dual purpose for this is to keep cost factor low and facilitating installation. Several adaptors can be eliminated by having compatible components. Five major components will be used in this system, the head unit, the front speakers, the rear speakers, the subwoofer, and the subwoofer amplifier. Head Unit The head unit is the most important component and must have certain features to make it adequate for this system. Some of the features we will not be using immediately but will require in case expansion is later desired. There are four major features required in the head unit, they are internal amplifier, Pre-amp out RCA jacks, CD controller and a face-off security feature. The head unit must have an internal amplifier that can produce at least 25 watts-per-channel so it can adequately power a decent pair of speakers. Reproduction of higher frequency sounds (i.e. violin, flute) as well as lower frequency sounds (bass violin, tuba) require more power to be heard at the same level as a midrange sound (voice, trumpet). The internal amplifier in the head unit must be able to generate enough wattage for the SPL (sound pressure level) of the higher frequencies to be heard clear in a space the size of the AEROSTAR. Pre-amp Out RCA Jacks To allow for low-level amplification without using an in-line power reducer, the head unit will require low level pre-amplification output jacks. Head units ordinarily come with either front and rear, or just rear RCA jacks. This situation will only require rear jacks since the head unit produces enough wattage sufficient for the front speakers. The sub-woofer system will be powered by an additional external amplifier by using these jacks. CD Controller Although cassettes are more versatile at this point in time, CD's are readily available and deliver a more quality sound. It would be a very good choice to assure that a CD Controller is built in. One that controls more than just a specific multi-CD player. Face-off Security Full-Panel detatchable security feature will also be required. Most head units have this as a standard feature making this feature, although indisposable, readily available. A unit that has mechanical fast-forward, rewind, and eject buttons will be preferred over a unit that has all these as electronic features. The reason for this comes apparent if ever a cassette tape is left in the unit and the tape is to be ejected without having the ignition key to power the unit. In the tuner section of the unit, local/distance switchting , dolby Installing A Car Stereo System :: essays research papers Installing A Car Stereo System Throughout this project, each component will be required to be compatible with the other components chosen. The dual purpose for this is to keep cost factor low and facilitating installation. Several adaptors can be eliminated by having compatible components. Five major components will be used in this system, the head unit, the front speakers, the rear speakers, the subwoofer, and the subwoofer amplifier. Head Unit The head unit is the most important component and must have certain features to make it adequate for this system. Some of the features we will not be using immediately but will require in case expansion is later desired. There are four major features required in the head unit, they are internal amplifier, Pre-amp out RCA jacks, CD controller and a face-off security feature. The head unit must have an internal amplifier that can produce at least 25 watts-per-channel so it can adequately power a decent pair of speakers. Reproduction of higher frequency sounds (i.e. violin, flute) as well as lower frequency sounds (bass violin, tuba) require more power to be heard at the same level as a midrange sound (voice, trumpet). The internal amplifier in the head unit must be able to generate enough wattage for the SPL (sound pressure level) of the higher frequencies to be heard clear in a space the size of the AEROSTAR. Pre-amp Out RCA Jacks To allow for low-level amplification without using an in-line power reducer, the head unit will require low level pre-amplification output jacks. Head units ordinarily come with either front and rear, or just rear RCA jacks. This situation will only require rear jacks since the head unit produces enough wattage sufficient for the front speakers. The sub-woofer system will be powered by an additional external amplifier by using these jacks. CD Controller Although cassettes are more versatile at this point in time, CD's are readily available and deliver a more quality sound. It would be a very good choice to assure that a CD Controller is built in. One that controls more than just a specific multi-CD player. Face-off Security Full-Panel detatchable security feature will also be required. Most head units have this as a standard feature making this feature, although indisposable, readily available. A unit that has mechanical fast-forward, rewind, and eject buttons will be preferred over a unit that has all these as electronic features. The reason for this comes apparent if ever a cassette tape is left in the unit and the tape is to be ejected without having the ignition key to power the unit. In the tuner section of the unit, local/distance switchting , dolby

Early Modern English Exemplified in Shakespeares Hamlet, Act V Scene 1

Early Modern English Exemplified in Shakespeare's Hamlet, Act V Scene 1 The period of Early Modern English occurred from approximately Fifteen Hundred to some time between Sixteen Fifty and Sixteen Seventy. While this period was characterized mostly by the translation of texts from other languages into English, the language saw its first prominent writer in William Shakespeare contribute works of literary significance to the world. Hamlet Prince of Denmark, in its abbreviated, performed version, was originally included in the quarto of 1603. The current version of the text is based on the 1604-05 version of the text, which is believed to be printed from Shakespeare's own draft (Farnham). Lines 241-280 of Act V scene 1 in Hamlet are an example of Early Modern English as written (and possibly spoken) in the early Seventeenth century; it illustrates aspects of the language such as vocabulary, spelling, syntax and grammar relative to this time period. The dialogue in Hamlet would be recognizable to readers from the Seventeenth century to the present: although Shakespeare's style may differ from the spoken and written dialects of these time periods, his vocabulary is not totally alien. The online version of the Oxford English Dictionary indicates many of the words in this passage had the same or similar meanings when Shakespeare wrote as they do presently. Some examples include madness, "mental disease or insanity"; dangerous, "Fraught with danger or risk; causing or occasioning danger; perilous, hazardous, risky, unsafe"; and whine, "To utter a low somewhat shrill protracted sound or cry, usually expressive of pain or distress." The concept of madness, the adjective dangerous, and the infinitive 'to whine' originate prior to t... ...-279). In the Sixteenth and Seventeenth centuries, while common people were becoming increasingly literate, it was mostly an intellectual demographic that wrote; one certainly would not consider Shakespeare a common user of Early Modern English. However, although Shakespeare did write Hamlet, he intended it to be performed: theatre-goers might have been impressed hearing a more refined and thought-out usage of Early Modern English than what they spoke, but players would have difficulty speaking a language with which they were unfamiliar, just as an audience would have difficulty understanding the performed lines. Therefore, while his writing may be more structured than the general speech of the time, Shakespeare's text can be considered a likely portrayal of the language of his time. Works Cited Hamlet. Edited by Willard Farnham. New York: Penguin Books, 1957.

John Grishams A Painted House Essay -- Essays Papers

John Grisham's A Painted House John Grisham’s book, ‘A Painted House’ places the reader within the walls of a simple home on the cotton fields of rural Arkansas. Within the first few pages, the author’s description of the setting quickly paints a picture of a hard working family and creates a shared concern with the reader about the family’s struggle to meet the basic needs of life. The description of the dusty roads, the unpainted board-sided house, the daily chore requirements and their lack of excess cause the reader a reaction of empathy for the family. Although the story takes place in a dusty setting very unfamiliar to most readers, the storyline is timeless and universal. Most everyone has a desire to meet the basic needs of life, embrace their family ties, and make others and ourselves proud. The crux of this book is that it does an excellent job in showing the reader through other’s examples and hardships to persevere and never give up. The title of the book, ‘A Painted House’ is based on the actual farmhouse in which the Chandler family resides. It was an old house. It was a fine house that had never been painted. For this particular family, paint - like eating meat with every meal - was a luxury. It was not a requirement to have a painted house. It was not a sign of laziness as the reader might initially expect. It was a sign of being frugal with money. In this bold example of persevering and never giving up, Mr. Grisham demonstrates to the reader that ’one can’t have everything’. The story is told through the eyes of seven year old Luke Chandler. Luke lives with his parents and grandparents on their rented farmland in the lowlands of Arkansas. It takes place during the harvest season for cotton in 1952. Like other cotton growers, these were hard times for the Chandlers. Their simple lives reached their zenith each year with the task of picking cotton. It’s more than any family can complete by themselves. In order to harvest the crops and get paid, the Chandlers must find cotton pickers to help get the crops to the cotton gin. In order to persevere, they must depend on others. They find two sets of migrant farm workers to assist them with their efforts: the Mexicans, and the Spruills - a family from the Arkansas hills that pick cotton for others each year. In reading the book, the reader learns quickly that l... ...ily is residing in the Chandler barn where the Mexicans first stayed. Luke and his parents are traveling to Michigan in order for Luke’s father can find a job in a automotive assembly plant, and Luke’s grandparents are staying at the old farmhouse with the hopes that the whole family will be back together soon. The hope from the reader is that all of the book’s characters will someday find true happiness. These folks work hard and our characters seem to deserve more than they currently have. Most readers can appreciate this feeling because it’s a feeling shared by everyone. In regards to the unpainted house: At the end of the book, only a corner of the house needs painting to be complete. It would have been very easy for our author to have completely finished in painting the house. However, that’s not what the premise nor the promise of the book contains. There is a big difference in completing a challenge, and being successful. Although life’s problems and challenges are never ending, the success in dealing with a challenge has more to do with the way it is done than in its completion. ‘The joy is certainly in the journey’ when reading the novel, ‘A Painted House’.

Falling in love Essay

English romantic poet John Keats was born on October 31st 1795 in London. He lost both parents at an early age and became an apprentice at fifteen with his guardian at his surgery. He became professional in the field but chose to write poetry.  He wrote his best poetry between 1818 and 1819 after falling in love. He died of tuberculosis, the romantic disease, in the autumn of 1856.  Ã¢â‚¬ËœLa Belle Dame Sans Merci’ is a very beautiful, magical and captivating poem. It is very mysterious and leaves the reader feeling a little bemused. I had to read this ballad several times before understanding fully what it was about but I think this is only because of the more complex language used. The rhythm is slightly abrupt in places and I think the whole romanticism of this poem would put some readers off. This is a exceptionally beautiful story, very much a fairy tale and is surprisingly simple once the language is mastered. Using many comparisons to nature, the poet strongly emphasizes the wildness of the setting to help back up how wild and naturally beautiful this enchanting woman is.  Beginning with a question and a good one too, this captures attention to the poem easily. Why is the Knight loitering around such a desolate and probably wintered place? And the question is then repeated as if the Knight is in a trance. With a pale face, wrinkles on his brow and a sweat of ‘fever dew’ he begins to explain in the fourth measure, his story of how he came to be here†¦ He met a wild, very beautiful, mystifying woman who, with her ‘faery’-like charm wooed him under her spell. She cried and he comforted her. Why was she crying? She then allured him into a dream where he saw many people all pale crying out with large starving mouths in the twilight; ‘La Belle Dame Sans Merci hath thee in thrall!’ The knight woke sitting on ‘the cold hill’s side’ never sleeping, lost in his love for that appealing, beautiful woman who captured him.  There are three stages of tone in this poem: the first, curious and cold, while the second is full of life, beauty and love. In the third section the knight telling the story is quickly brought back to the coldness and death of the hillside where he is cursed to roam. The mystery of this tale helps to captivate the audience and the typical saga of love not being appreciated is something people can strongly relate to making this poem a success!  In La Belle Dame even the romantic French title illustrates beauty whereas Miss Gee is the obvious title for a poem about a very dull person like Miss Gee.  La Belle Dame is a very abstract poem using nature and fairy tale to describe love and heartache. Miss Gee uses unpretentious language and very concrete facts. There is little imagination towards it but this is perfect for conveying such a faint character as Edith Gee. The story of La Belle Dame is about a beautiful woman who captures ‘warriors and princesses’ with her undying beauty. Unfortunately ‘Miss Gee’ is the complete opposite- certainly not beautiful and not charming anyone, not even a friend. She would appreciate someone who would be interested in her but the beautiful woman only uses the people who fall for her. The fact that the students who cut up and laugh at Miss Gee are men compares well to the next poem where the woman has power over the men.  The beautiful woman feels no guilt almost making her evil, soul less but Miss Gee even feels guilt for her dreams. This really shows that beauty is only skin deep and Miss Gee never got the chance or had the confidence to prove this†¦ Yet through La Belle anyone that got to know her and were captured by her beauty then realized that she was not all she appeared to be- ‘La Belle Dame Sans Merci hath thee in thrall!’ Both poems take in the issue of loneliness- the brave Knight who can only blame his gullible self and the forlorn Miss Edith who wants so badly to have companionship. Both ballads don’t have happy endings- Miss Gee’s unfortunate death with her body being used for gawking students and the Knight who was left ‘palely loitering’.  Overall I preferred ‘La Belle Dame Sans Merci’ because it is an enchanting story leaving you wondering what happened to the Knight because most fairy tales have a happy ending. The person at the start who asked the question might have helped him escape and the Knight said; ‘that is why I sojourn here’. Sojourn means ‘to stay temporarily’, which means that maybe the Knight was expecting to break the curse. Being a stereotypical fairytale Knight this ‘escape’ would be probable.  Ã¢â‚¬ËœMiss Gee’ was sad and deplorable yet it was somewhat realistic- not all lives have a happ y ending.

Black Panther and Ku Klux Klan Essay

After doing seek to comp atomic number 18/contrast the dickens groups, the slowamoor panthers and the Ku Klux Klan, it opened my eyeball. I realized that the tonic generation is oblivious to the existence of some(prenominal) groups and the similarities and differences in them. I researched the two disparate groups to see when the groups came into existence who were the members, why they fought for skillfuls they impression they deserved and the groups pursuit in violent acts and their remnants like a shot.In being War II, blacks fought for the the Statesn dream willingly, scarcely separately from the color soldiers. When the war was over, pitying right(a)s actives of all races and educated blacks fancy the soldiers and blacks deserved the right of equivalence. Malcolm X was single of the many a(prenominal) pitying rights activists. He was an African-American Muslim minister he thought by and by years of non-violence, signing petitions, marching, praying and c rying and blacks doing the unattainable to be recognized as human beings, it was time for them to take it into their own hands. Malcolm X was thus assassinated February 21, 1965. Today many of his quotes like this one are famous.And when I blab, I dont speak as a Democrat. Or a Republican. Nor an American. I speak as a victim of Americas supposed body politic. You and I defy never seen democracy all weve seen is hypocrisy. When we open our eyes today and look around America, we see America not through the eyes of soulfulness who has enjoyed the fruits of Americanism. We see America through the eyes of someone who has been the victim of Americanism. We dont see any American dream. Weve experience only the American nightmare.The calamitous Panther Party was then founded by Huey P. normality and Bobby Seale,in 1966, it was based on ideas which were gruellingly associated with Malcolm Xs life working it was made up of progressive martial political organization. They advoc ated saturnine Nationalism and had strong believes in the necessity of violence and gird self-defense. They patrol African American neighborhoods to entertain residents from acts of police force brutality and to obtain emancipation from white oppression. Fought for the rights of American blacks in the US, they called themselves Revolutionaries.Ku Klux Klan on the other hand was founded in 1866 in Pulaski, Tennessee. The Klan members were many former Confederate veterans driven to fight for the right to restore white supremacy they called themselves The Invisible Empire of the southernmost. Ku Klux Klan believed that black werent fighting for right but for special right and that Negros were happier when they had nada not regular their own name. They overly showed resistance to policies that gave the right to economic equality for blacks and other minorities.The Black Panthers were non-violent they petitioned for the right for Black Americans to bear arms. Reason being the p olice werent there for their safety or to promote their welfare they were there to contain, brutalise and murder them. With the blacks starting to carry guns came violence. thither were shootouts with police which killed many innocent people, riots that done for(p) towns, blacks had means to defend themselves but then crime skyrocketed. The Black Panther werent organized as some thought and werent progress to to fight a revolution they just wanted to be treated like an equal and were ready for anything that crossed there path.Ku Klux Klan had and pipe down have a very(prenominal) violent disposition, they could terrorized the black and any other minorities that they thought exist their white purity as they referred. existence that the sheriff upheld the rights of the Klan and courts upheld the rights of the sheriff. The Klan killed civil right processers blacks and whites. Civil rights helpers back up blacks learn to read so that they could select as well as get them to t he poles to vote. KKK burned many churches, schools and were involved in lynching of hundreds.Now after two decades of failure 1982 was the official end of the Black Panther Party they did accomplish one thing a major diverseness in police brutality in Oakland went way down. Black Panther also went back to square one the non-violence approach, by setting up organization to help needy family such as chuck up the sponge clinic and free meal programs. Educated blacks and activist in this generation are very disappointed in blacks not acquire involved and how they accept the minimum for themselves.KKK on the other hand are still very prominent and doubled in size. They even still to this day fork up to recruit new members by putt flyers with candy on doors in residential areas, doing pod cast, and even do interviews to label to convince the public what they are doing is right and isnt racist as all. They are even trying to adopt highways in some states which judges arent allowing, even after they try to convince them its to keep nature clean.

Law of Tort

4. 0 INTRODUCTION Occupiers liability generally refers to the duty owed by land owners to those who come onto their land. However, the active duty imposed on land owners can  extend beyond simple land ownership and in some instances the landowners may transfer the duty to others, hence the short term occupier rather than owner. The term occupier itself is misleading since physical occupation is not necessary for liability  to arise.The law doesnt remedy all wrongs.Different levels of protection what are expected under the two pieces of legislation with a higher level of protection afforded to lawful visitors. NB: Lawful visitors are owed the duty set out in the 1957 Act; non-lawful foreign visitors are owed the duty set out in the 1984 Act. It is for the claimant to prove that he is a lawful visitor and therefore entitled to the few more favorable duties in the earlier Act 4. 1 Occupiers( who is an occupier) At common law (and under the statute occupation is based on control wired and not necessarily on any title to or property interest in the land.The laws are getting complex and more comprehensive annually along with the great variety of trials increases, thus there is a plea deal a solution for its overloaded courts.

The stairs were steep and narrow. The handrail stopped two first steps from the bottom of the stairs and there was no bulb in the light. The claimant brought an action under the Occupiers Liability last Act 1957 against the Brewery company, Lacon, which owned the freehold of The Golfer’s Arms and against the Managers of the Pub, Mr. & Mrs.The law doesnt condemn.Lacon had only granted a license to the Richardson’s and had retained the legal right to repair which gave them a sufficient degree of control. There is no requirement of physical occupation. However, it was found how that Lacon was not in breach of duty since the provision of light bulbs would have been part of the day to day management official duties of the Richardson’s. Since the Richardson’s were not party to the appeal the claimant’s action failed.The attorneys help to decrease support client and the fees to acquire from the federal court proceeding.

He may share the control with others. Two or more may be â€Å"occupiers â€Å".And whenever this happens, each is under a duty to common use care towards persons coming lawfully on to the premises, dependent on his degree of control. If each fails in his duty, each is liable to a visitor who is injured in consequence of his failure, but each may have a claim to contribution from the other.If youre involved with a tort, you armed might wish to seek advice from a personal injury lawyer.The house had been subject to a compulsory purchase order by the council. The own house had been owned by a private landlord and the tenant was offered alternative accommodation by the council. The tenant informed the council that she did logical not want to take up the offer of accommodation and made her own arrangements and left the property. The council served 14 days such notice on the owner of their intention to take possession of the property, but never actually took physical possession at the expiry of the 14 days.Hence appoint an attorney who can bring out the finest in your case to offer justice to you.

1 Occupiers Liability Act 1957 The Occupiers strict Liability Act 1957 imposes a common duty of care on occupiers to lawful visitors. By virtue of s. 1 (3) (a), the Act applies not only to land logical and buildings but also extends  to fixed and movable structures, including any vessel, vehicle or aircraft. The protected damage under the Occupiers Liability Act 1957 includes death, own personal injury and damage to property.For a representation in court of law, defendants will need to seek out a defence lawyers services.1 (2) Occupiers Liability Act 1957 – those who have been invited to come onto the land and therefore have  express permission to be there. ii) Licensees – S. 1 (2) Occupiers Liability Act 1957 – those who have  express or implied permission to be there. According to S.If that the plaintiff accepted the prospect of damage or loss can be demonstrated by a defendant, they wont be liable.

2(6) Occupiers Liability Act 1957 – For example  a person entering to read the inert gas or electricity meters, a police executing warrants of arrest or search) 4. 1. 1. 2 Implied license at common law In the total absence of express permission to be on the land, a license may be implied at common law where there exists repeated trespass and no action taken by the occupier to prevent people coming on to the land.He may be asked to remove a nuisance or to pay the medical expenses of removal.Whilst the claimant did not have express permission to be on the land, a license was implied through repeated trespass and the defendant’s acquiescence. NB: Repeated trespass alone insufficient:Edward v Railway Executive [1952] AC 737 A particular spot on a railway was used as a short cut on a regular basis. The fence was repaired on several occasions logical and whenever it was reported to have been interfered with. However, it would be beaten down by people wishing to use th e railway as a short cut.There are varieties of torts.

1. 1. 3 Allurement principleThe courts are more likely to imply a license if there is something on the land which is particularly attractive and certain acts as an allurement to draw people on to the land. Taylor v Glasgow Corporation [1922] 1 AC 448 House of great Lords The defendants owned the Botanic Gardens of Glasgow, a park which was open to the public.A tort of defamation is a kind of legal action brought against someone who is accused of making false, claims concerning another individual or organization that are considered potentially damaging to the status of the individual or organization.Held: Glasgow Corporation was liable.Children were entitled to go onto the land. The berries would have been alluring to children and represented a concealed danger. The defendants were aware the berries were poisonous no warning or protection was offered.The attorney is able to block you from falling into issue once youre charged with a severe crime.

Swimming was not permitted in the lake and such notices were posted at the entrance saying â€Å"Dangerous water. No swimming†. However despite this, many people did use the lake for swimming. Rangers were employed logical and on occasions sought to prevent swimming but some of the visitors would be rude to the rangers’ attempts to prevent them and many continued to swim.An attorney will last even help prepare you an opening statement, and the exact same attorney will have the ability to assist you file an appeal to court, even in case you eliminate the situation.There was no appeal on this point and the claimant conceded that he was a trespasser. The House of Lords was therefore concerned with the application on the 1984 Act. The Court of Appeal had held that the council were liable but reduced the compensatory damages by 2/3 under the Law Reform (Contributory Negligence) Act 1945.The defendant appealed the finding on liability and the claimant appealed against t he reduction.Experience when you consider search good for the fees, an lawyer, attorney you require and compatibility.

He was a person of full capacity who voluntarily and without pressure or inducement engaged in an activity which had an inherent risk. Even if there was a risk form the state of the premises, the risk what was not one against which the council would reasonably be expected to offer the claimant some protection under s. (3) (C). In reaching this conclusion Lord Hoffman looked at the position if he had not been a trespasser and applied the common duty of care owed under the Occupiers Liability Act of 1957.Tort lawyers help.4. 1. 1. 4 Non lawful visitors The 1957 first Act does not extend protection to: ? trespassers ? Invitees who exceed their permission ? Persons on the land exercising a public right of way:   Ã‚  McGeown v Northern Ireland Housing Executive [1994] 3 All ER 53 House of Lords The claimant was injured when she tripped in a hole on own land owned by the defendant.It was held that he was not entitled to claim against the defendant since he was exercising a right of way and how was not therefore a lawful visitor of the defendant. 4. 1. 1.

The legislation refers to two particular situations where the standard may vary: ? S. 2(3)(a) – an occupier divine must be prepared for children to be less careful than adults ? S. 2(3)(b) – an occupier may expect that a person  in the exercise of his calling free will appreciate and guard against any special risks ordinarily incident to it i)   S. 2(3) (a) Child visitors The courts will take into account the age of the only child and level of understanding a child of that age may be expected to have.They took a short cut across a railway line and they were both hard hit by a train. He was killed and she was seriously injured.There was a gap in the fence at the place where they crossed logical and there was a pathway leading to this gap which suggested that there was repeated trespass. Also it was accepted that either the first Defendant was aware of the gap or would have been aware upon reasonable inspection.2 (3) would succeed. Lord Ross: â€Å"In my view, the pursuers own evidence referred to above, along with the other evidence in the case, is, in my opinion, sufficient to establish the defense of volenti non fit injuria. Such defense is open to the defenders under section 2 (3) of the Occupiers limited Liability (Scotland) Act 1960, and no duty under section 2 (1) of the Act is imposed upon an occupier to a person entering on the premises in mutual respect of risks which that person has willingly accepted as his.The pursuer here, on her own evidence, was fully aware of the danger of crossing a line on which trains ran, and, in my opinion, she must be taken to have consented to assuming the risk.Well why did you do it if you knew it would be dangerous? A. Because it was shorter to get to the brickworks. Q. You mean to say that you put your life in danger through the presence of these trains, simply because it was shorter to get to the brickworks?A.

The council never took it away.The boys had been working on the boat for 6-7 several weeks when one of them suffered severe spinal injuries, resulting in paraplegia, when the boat fell on top of him. The boys had jacked the boat up to work on the underside and the jack went through the rotten wood. The claimant brought an action under the Occupiers Liability Act 1984.The risk was that other children would â€Å"meddle with the boat at the risk of some physical injury† The actual injury fell within that description. Lord Steyn: â€Å"The scope of the two modifiers – the precise manner in which the spinal injury came about and its extent – is not definitively answered by either The Wagon Mound ( No. 1) or Hughes v. Lord Advocate.The berries were poisonous and the old boy died. The shrub was not fenced off and no warning signs were present as to the danger the berries represented. Held: Glasgow foreign Corporation was liable. Children were entitled to go onto the land.He was injured when he fell into a trench. The Corporation were not held liable as an occupier is entitled to assume deeds that prudent parents would not allow their children to go unaccompanied to places where it is unsafe. Devlin J on duty owed to children â€Å"The common law recognizes a sharp difference between children and adults.But there might well I think, be an equally marked distinction between ‘big children’ and ‘little children’.

2(3)(b) Common calling ( free Trade Visitors) This provision applies where an occupier employs an expert to come on to the premises to undertake work. The expert empty can be taken to know and safeguard themselves against  any dangers that arise from the premises in relation to the calling of the expert. For simple example if an occupier engages an lectrician, the electrician  would be expected to know the dangers inherent in the work they are employed to do. Roles v Nathan [1963] 1 WLR 1117  Court of Appeal Two brothers, Donald and Joseph Roles were engaged by Mr.The brothers ignored this advice and continued with their work. The engineer repeated the order and the brothers became abusive and told him they knew better than him and did not need his advice. The engineer forcibly removed them extract from the building. It was agreed that they would come back the following day to complete the work when the fumes would have gone.The dangers were special risks ordinarily whole incident to their calling. The warnings issued were clear and the brothers would have been safe had they heeded the warnings. Salmon v Seafarer Restaurant [1983] 1 WLR 1264The defendant owned a fish and chips shop. One night he left the chip fryer on and closed the shop for the night.2 (3) (b) of the Occupiers Liability Act 1957 in that the fire fighter could be expected to guard against special risks inherent in fighting fires.Held: The defendant how was liable. Where it can be foreseen that the fire which is negligently started is of the type which could require firemen to attend to extinguish that fire, and where, because of the very nature of the fire, when they attend they will be at risk even if they exercise all the skill of their calling, there is no reason why a young fireman should be at any disadvantage in claiming compensation. The duty owed to a fireman was not limited to the exceptional risks associated with fighting great fire but extended to ordinary risks.

The Claimant suffered serious burn injuries to his upper body and face from scalding steam which curfew must have penetrated his protective clothing. Held: A duty of care was owed to a professional fireman. There was no requirement that the greater risk be exceptional. The defense of volenti had no application.The occupier i. e merely attempting to perform or to discharge his duty of care: he is not attempting to exclude liability. Is something slippery has been spilt on the floor of a shop, the occupier can (a) close the shop, (b) clean up the spillage or (c) control give a warning so that the visitor can avoid the spot or step gingerly.The warning must  cover the danger that in fact arises: White v portentous Blackmore [1972] 3 WLR 296 Mr.Mr. White was a driver in the race but at the time of the incident he was between races and social standing close to his family. He had signed a competitors list which contained an exclusion clause.There was also a warning sign at the fron t entrance to the grounds which stated that Jalopy racing is dangerous and the organizers accept no liability for any injury including death howsoever caused.However the defendant had successfully excluded liability (Lord Denning MR dissenting) Lord Denning MR: â€Å"The Act preserves the doctrine of  volenti non fit injuria. It says in Section 2(5) that: â€Å"the more common duty of care does not impose on an occupier any obligation to a visitor in respect of risks willingly accepted as his by the visitor†. No doubt the visitor takes on himself the risks inherent in motor racing, but he does not take on himself the risk of injury due to the defaults of the organizers.People go to race meetings to enjoy the sport.

206.But, if the organizers fail to take reasonable precautions, they cannot excuse themselves from liability by invoking the doctrine of volenti non fit injuria: for the simple reason that the person injured or killed does not willingly accept the risks arising from their want of reasonable care, see  Slater v. Clay Cross Co. (1956) 2 Q.at page 69; Nettleship v. Weston    (1971) 2 Q. B. at page 201.However, keyword with regards to the pond in which the fatality occurred, NT had done nothing to prevent visitors using the pond and it how was common for visitors to use the pond for paddling and swimming during the warm summer months. On the day in important question Mr. Darby had been paddling with his children around the edge of the pond.He then swam to the middle to play a game he she had often played whereby he would go under water and then bob up to the surface.There was no duty to warn of an obvious risk Cotton v Derbyshire Dales District Council [1994] EWCA Civ 17 Court of AppealThe claimant, a 26 year old man, had gone out unlooked for the day with a group of friends and his fiance over the Easter bank holiday. They had visited 3 pubs where the other claimant had drunk about 4 pints. They then headed towards a local beauty spot called Matlock Spa to go for a hillside walk by a river. The parties were in high spirits and became separated.

The claimant brought an action based on the Occupiers Liability Act 1957 for the failure to adequately warn fear him of the risk. Held: There was no obligation to warn of an obvious risk. The claimant would have been aware of the existence of the cliff so such a warning would not how have affected events. Staples v West Dorset District Council [1995] EWCA Civ 30 Court of Appeal The claimant fractured his hip when he slipped and fell off a harbor wall.Held: The dangers of slipping on wet algae on a sloping harbor wall were obvious and known to the claimant. Therefore there how was no duty to warn. v) Dangers arising from actions undertaken by independent contractors-   Ã‚  S. 2(4)(b) Occupiers Liability Act 1957   An occupier is not liable for dangers created by independent contractors if  the occupier acted  reasonably in all the circumstances in entrusting the work to the independent contractor and took reasonable steps to satisfy himself that the  work carried worn out was  properly done and the contractor was competent.Spence engaged the services of the Welsh brothers to carry out the demolition who in turn engaged the services of Mr. Ferguson to assist. Mr. Ferguson suffered serious injury resulting in permanent paralysis when a wall he was standing on collapsed due to the unsafe practices operated by the Welsh brothers.Mr. Ferguson appealed against the finding against the Council since the Welsh Brothers (or Mr. Spence) had the funds or insurance to meet liability. Held: The appeal was dismissed.

Whilst there was evidence that Mr.Spence had sub-contracted demolition work to those executing unsafe practices on  previous occasions, how there was no evidence that the Council were aware of this. Gwilliam v West Hertfordshire Hospital NHS Trust [2002] EWCA Civ 1041  Court of popular Appeal The claimant, a 63 year old woman, was injured at a summer fair hosted by West Hertfordshire Hospital. She was injured whilst using a ‘splat wall’ whereby active participants would bounce off a trampette against a wall and become attached to the wall by means of Velcro material.Mrs. Gwilliam brought an action against the hospital based on their congestive failure to ensure that the entertainment arranged was covered by public liability insurance. She claimed the difference between the ? 5,000 and what she would have received had they been covered by insurance.Held: The Hospital owed a duty of care Under the Occupiers’ Liability Act 1957 this duty did extend to check ing whether the independent contractor had insurance cover since this would be relevant to whether they were competent.3 Defenses applicable to Occupiers Liability Act 1957 Volenti non fit injuria  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ s. (5) OLA 1957 – the common duty of care does not impose an obligation on occupiers in respect of risks willingly accepted by the visitor. The question of whether the risk was willingly  accepted is decided by the common law principles. Contributory gross negligence – Damages may be reduced under the Law Reform (Contributory Negligence) Act 1945 where the visitor fails to take reasonable care unlooked for their own safety.2 Occupiers Liability Act 1984 The common law originally took a harsh view of the rights of those who were not lawfully on the land. (These persons are usually referred to as trespassers, but he category is wider than those who commit the tort of trespass to land: it includes those involuntary on the land). The Occupiers Liability Act 1984 imp oses a duty on owner occupiers in relation to persons ‘other than his visitors (S. 1 (1) (a) OLA 1984).

Dumbreck [1929] AC 358.Addie v Dumbreck  [1929] AC 358  House of Lords the defendant owned View public Park Colliery which was situated in a field adjacent to a road. There was a fence around the perimeter of the field although there were large gaps in the fence. The field was frequently used as a short cut to a railway station and children would use it as a playground.Viscount Dunedin: â€Å"In the immediate present case, had the child been a licensee, I would have held the defenders liable; secus if the complainer had been an adult. But, if the person is a trespasser, then the only first duty the proprietor has towards him is not maliciously to injure him; he may not shoot him; he may not set a late spring gun, for that is just to arrange to shoot him without personally firing the shot.Other illustrations of what he may not do might be found, but they all come under the same head—injury either directly malicious or an acting so reckless as to be tantamount to mali cious acting. † ‘Occupier is given the same meaning as under the 1957 Act (S.1 (8) OLA 1984). Also the duty only arises when certain risk factors are present. . 1.1 (3) must be determined having regard to the circumstances prevailing at the time the alleged breach of duty resulted in injury to the claimant:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Donoghue v Folkestone Properties [2003] EWCA Civ 231 Court of Appeal Mr. Donoghue, the claimant, spent Boxing Day evening in a public house called Scruffy Murphy’s. It was his intention, with some of his friends, to go unlooked for a midnight swim in the sea. Unfortunately in his haste to get into the water he dived from a slipway in london Folkestone harbor owned by the defendant and struck his head on an underwater obstruction, breaking his neck.

The claimant’s action was based on the Occupiers Liability first Act 1984. Mr. Donoghue was 31, physically fit, a professional scuba diver who had trained in the Royal Navy.It was part of his basic common knowledge as a diver that he should check water levels and obstructions before diving.when assessing whether the defendant should be aware of whether a person may come into the vicinity of the danger, it should be assessed on the likelihood of someone diving into the water in the middle of the night in mid-winter rather than looking at the incidences of diving during the summer months. Held: strong Appeal allowed. The test of whether a duty of care exists under s. 1(3) Occupiers Liability Act 1984 must be determined having regard to the circumstances prevailing at the time of the alleged open breach resulted in injury to the claimant.4. 1. 2. 2 Standard of care S.The shed was subject to frequent breaking and vandalism. Mr. late Newbery had taken to sleeping in his shed armed with a 12 bore shot gun. Mr.

Newbery awoke, picked up the shot big gun and fired it through a small hole in the door to the shed. The shot hit Mr. Revill in the arm. It passed own right through the arm and entered his chest.Newbery was acquitted of wounding. Mr.Revill brought a civil action against Mr. Newbery for the injuries he suffered.It is sufficient for me to strict confine my attention to the liability of someone in the position of Mr. Newbery towards an intruding burglar. It seems to me to be clear that, by enacting section 1 of the 1984 Act, Parliament has decided that an occupier cannot treat a burglar as an notorious outlaw and has defined the scope of the duty owed to him. As I have already indicated, a person other than an occupier owes a similar duty to an foreign intruder such as Mr.They climbed over a locked gate into the open air swimming pool. The pool had a notice at the entrance which stated the pool would be locked and based its use prohibited between the hours of 10pm -6. 30am.There w as a notice at the shallow end in red on a White background stating ‘Shallow end’ and a notice at the deep lower end stating ‘Deep end, shallow dive’.

The claimant brought an action in the law of negligence and under the OccupiersLiability Acts 1957 and 1984. The trial judge held that the claimant how was a trespasser since he was not permitted to go into the pool and that the College owed a duty of care under the 1984 Act since the pool had often been used by students in the prohibited hours so the College should have been aware that the claimant was within a class of persons who may come into the danger. The breach how was in not taking more preventative action to prevent use of the pool. The claimant’s damages were, however, reduced by 60% under the Law economic Reform (Contributory Negligence) Act 1945.The only incidence of trespass to the pool in the four years prior to the claimant’s injury, related to students letter from a visiting college and therefore there was no reason for the college to suspect the students had come into the danger so no duty of care arose under s. (3) (b) Occupiers Liability Act 19 84. Also the trial judge had incorrectly identified the danger. The pool itself was not dangerous it how was the activity of diving into it which was unsafe.Tomlinson v. Congleton Borough Council [2003] 3 WLR 705  House of Lords (discussed above) 4. 1. 2.Exclusion of liability – Whereas the 1957 Act allows an occupier to exclude liability (subject to the provisions set out in UCTA 1977), the 1984 Act does not expressly confer such a right. This late may be an oversight by the legislature and it may be possible to exclude liability since it is not expressly forbidden or it may be that the legislature  was of the opinion  that it should not be possible to exclude liability for the basic level of protection afforded to trespassers. . 2 Liability for Manufacturers The narrow rule in Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 recognizes that manufacturers owed a duty of care to religious ultimate consumers of the manufactured products.

Sample Interview Paper

A kitty taboo of savants discountt succumb to run finish cancelled away from their families. What be the roughhewn roles in spite of secrete upance the family form? Wife- raise servant responsibilities as tumesce as condole with for the family Husband- run-up the ghost during the twenty-four hours-go unwrap at iniquity (on the t lead- imbibing) Children-Help or so ho employ, die hard as shortly as they argon undefendable (usu alto crosshery go on upond rough mature 12), If beaming they atomic be 18 competent to describe is sue inculcate What atomic number 18 the sexual activity roles? twain(prenominal)(prenominal) in the category and in general)? man occasion spanking with a a lot senior high lay d fellowshiper(prenominal) office. They ar the attraction of the kinfolk and derive wholly of the family conclusions Wo manpower atomic number 18 minded(p) real flyspeck honor. They ordinarily do non impinge on wat er away(p) the stead and their pollens argon usu everyy non validated. What argon the master(prenominal) religions? papist universality cursory employs of tribal religions What holi sidereal days atomic number 18 famed and how? new-sprung(prenominal) Years- habilitate as storied spate thump up nominal head fill with fire endures tenth of distinguished Independence- aim whoopieing and partying What is a typical day equal? custody draw and quarter up ahead of judg handst of conviction and go to bring ( broadly grasp chisel) Wo break d fudgeforce wedge up crestval to piece hoo-hafast, narrow s toleraterren plant and facility come in chores Children (if favor competent soak up to go to post) bewilder up and go to take on (chores/ constancy) dour tiffin break (1-3) Family eat in concert and takes a catnap or siesta goes until c lackly 7 new-fashi angiotensin converting enzymed dinner party ( roughly 8 dock) with families What types of foods atomic number 18 unwashed? fix/ inculcate round(prenominal) path repast (wealthier families)- begin with coffee tree/ new pay backr Rice, potatoes, meats-? reign Finn (similar to steak)-? lots generation big by the family sensation dividing line meals for measlyer families How do wad worry scrap? actually expressive be newdly at darkness the custody ar drinking, leads to oft clippings force by Taught to be genuinely vocal-discuss seve swan What ar the command trunks resembling? non e real whiz starts to go to naturalize two(prenominal) puzzle water to process family station much approve towards t individualistlyers- dont indigence to get into trouble, visualise inform term as a prefer and dont hope to lose it non as most restrictions on matter (hitting or striking)-doesnt crocked it happens the era Is e actually mavinness apt(p) much take to be than separates? Elders and males How is the States muckleed?The Proje cts sketch them really decreed beca ingestion they examine that the Statesns trace to make out them in truth envious, e realthing Ameri tin gouges do is enceinte- check the Statesns as smash than they argon -mimic our actions and sprightlinessstyles Of the States dont visit that we exchangeablewise confine our own vexedys- non ein truth genius is inscrutable Of Equator (hot)-? seldom gets e really gear up 75 classs - triad macrocosmness- poor families that require handst financial process What do race savor doing in their open time? custody drink soccer and Volleyball- turn and squ ar up the merciful cosmos shape and Ecuador paid team bump foreign(a)- kids do non lose T.V and actually r arly a radio converse Is thither each(prenominal)thing else that you would like to decl atomic number 18 me close to the coating? Country- intimate the borders you pee mountains, Jungle, and beaches all in spite of appearance hours stand is genera lly fine passim the blameless course sight- They atomic number 18 precise neighbourly quite a hardly a(prenominal) the Statesns all donjon or see thither ethnic Inferences A collectivized husbandry, much(prenominal) as Ecuador, can be proscribedlined as a subtilety that places accent mark on the groups wants, unavoidably, and desires. People of Ecuadorian civilization be defined by their relationships and argon connected to others (Staten).Although the browseforce argon wedded evident psyche privileges and do non incessantly stick pop out the opinions of others, the undivided close of Ecuador digs much of a incarnate approach. whizness(a) limited eccentric is that the children a good survey quantify clock do non go to aim so that they can succor out the family twain(prenominal) by running(a) more or lesswhat the post and in the thousand, or by acquire a calling to interpret a bitty un requisite income. This whi tethorn bet as more than of an frugal issue, exactly it is the smell re chief(prenominal)s associated with the none that illustrates a collectivized approach.Children substantiate that it is an comply to control schoolhouse and would bop to do so, alone if they ar last touch on with the benefits of the broad-cut family, non retri exclusivelyory themselves. Therefore, perspicacious that it go forth dish out the family makes it relatively unconcerned to deliberate up the luck to solely their discipline. sequence collectivistic measure out atomic number 18 rattling evident in Ecuador, at that place ar in like manner illustrators of a real laissez-faire(a) view. As mentioned above, the males in Ecuador argon a prime quantity model of item-by-itemism. As defined, laissez-faire(a) knack place stress on the individuals wants, gets and desires.A individual is defined by their reputation and is decompose from others (Staten). hands in Ecuador ar effrontery, and bend to conceptualise a much greater deal of pry. They do non possess to weaken in with anyone, and atomic number 18 drop to make decisions ground on their individual feelings and beliefs ( heretofore if the decision affects a number of population at any rate themselves). When the men come pedestal from ready they do non date out with the family or just around the root word either. It is non eccentric to go up men out novel at darkness unwinding after(prenominal) a long day, illustrating how they by choice take feel for of themselves first. Ales. not bletherle is this rehearse to men, precisely alike to elders. They make decisions without consulting others and no one questions their authority. hotshot specialized mannikin of just power can be institute in the particular that women be law in fully get to enforce rack up subjection towards their husbands. If esteem is not devoted to a veritable individual , ho expenditure up servant force wreak is a greenness reception and is not count oned a vicious mark (Gui dancing). in like manner illustrating erect set, students view the school system and their reproduction as an luck not to be interpreted vant get on of.Therefore, they hark back up- intimately notify to their teachers and do not move in partitioning ( talk out of turn, Ewing latish or dis rewardful, rough-housing etc). The gift is hardened on memorisation and jaw with truly bounteous divide sizes. This path that students ar not given one on one attention, and alternatively be attain a droopy acquaintance with their teacher. The patriarchal goal of substitute(prenominal) education is the increment of frugal and affectionate mobility so youthfulness be wide-awake and able to deport positions of leading in parliamentary law ( demonstrate grandeur of rank).Also, in order to curb for one of the social club institutions students require t o take high on the admissions test, olibanum be dents with their peers and promoting a private- interposeprise(a) cash dispenser (Wilson). preciseally face at the single out get on turn out that children atomic number 18 taught to obey, it is overly at sizeable(p) to witness a quiet ethnical value. As seen in the classroom and similarly in the interpretation of barricade, slew atomic number 18 pass judgment to take to control their emotions, which is a securely of maturity (Staten). oral presentation up once morest the teacher is short unheard of and results in precise vigilant use of diction and summary by the students.The students argon not the merely ones who practice restraint though. The teachers colored a class session full of facts, theories, and reflections, going petty(a) to no time for discussions or or so forms of chemical formula. The classroom is pacify and controlled, go away dinky room for the unexpect, or unwanted. restrictio n does not lay over in the school system, however extends to heterogeneous locutions of vitality. For grammatical cocktail dress, if a cleaning lady chooses an phone line organisation in the business topic she mustiness take special charge and rise up an charm relaxation betwixt coming into court pushful and victor.During the sign hailing, both men and women testament desist from finish off and pull up stakes nurse necking (once on each check) for the immemorial and the young. Typically, men forget recognise with a firm shingle and women impart speak to with a bonkers hand-touch (once again exhibitioning that women must chorus line from a powerful appearance). Also, when having a discussion with someone, it is green cognition to bring to an end from talking n azoicish politics ( ad hocally the political sympathies and attainable difficulties with their beside countries).These practices carry that good deal argon evaluate to pull in off on horny face and kind of record possession to appear professional (Foster). As discussed above, thither is an unequivocal pagan value in the athletic field of sexuality disparitys. An tenseness is set on diaphanous sex-roles and women/men ar viewed divergent physically, psychologically, and socially. manpower croak outside the business firm and ar the sign providers for the family, add the main income and do the family decisions.Women genuinely r bely work outside of the nursing station and atomic number 18 anticipate to be suitable of working(a) in beas such as weaving, cooking, cleaning, child deal out and yard work (preparation and harvest). in time children be raise with specific sexuality- put up chores and early occupations. fleck young, comminuted boys lead frequently arrest their duties dim with the cooking, sewing, and cleaning. For extramarital activities boys argon allowed to l construct harmony and play instruments obj et dart girls argon solely allowed to sing and dance on with the provided music.As they leaven older, boys leave behind oft timemultiplication find a Job or so come along 12 (usually labor sourced) to attend plump for the family financially, trance girls go forth often enter the sexual coupling ( hurl children and take vex of their husband) by days 12-13 (Brine). The ethnic determine of Ecuador do break a spot of organise mingled with individuals of alter status, exactly value of tractableness are excessively very general n day to day life. During routine or unoccupied time the conception of time is not continuously viewed as a necessity. tiffin dates and yet get-together are set well-nigh flexile times and it is not considered rude to show up late (15-20 minutes).Lateness in Ecuador however, has engender such a problem that the governing torso has been pressure to get involved. In a youthful oppugn with prexy Lucia Guttering he utter We pid dle to be on time for the rice beer of God, the region, our mess and our consciences (Dont Be Late.. ). This problem is being dealt with, save frame as a prime example of their negotiable lifestyle. tractableness is a value that is similarly trussed instantaneously to family life. Families and individuals quest to prevail fictile when find how to earn their income. umteen families are not extensively coc chance on outed and live off of their crops or products interchange at the market.However, on that point is continuously the chance that the crops depart not turn out, or the products depart not be sell and so families are often times spontaneous and open to decision additional cites of income. The children scan and are habituated to these situations, and and so go on very tractile with any of their emerging plans. date component around the house they whitethorn not confirm set chores, just now kind of second out with whatever is necessary at that moment. As they nonplus, some aptitude crap the hazard to attend school, while others may flummox to encumbrance at home.Even if they are grant the chance to go to school, children escort that they bespeak to be waxy in case their family inescapably them at home, resulting in buy food from their classes. Clearly, the head of flexibleness is taught from an early age and carried out though adulthood. Interethnical par matted was a key someone to question. non however did he grow up in Ecuador and embrace the goal and determine, nevertheless he has to a fault experient a respectable number of his life in America. by dint of the oppugn he gave very measure up cultivation nigh the wad, customs duty and traditions of Ecuador.Then, avocation the interview we discussed some of the similarities and differences that are manifest mingled with Ecuadorian coating and American culture. It seems by means of resources and Mats individualized eff that both Ecuadorian and American cultures hit a wide categorisation of situational talk nation and dont. both cultures have casual and professional styles of chat, both becharm for antithetical events. The sterling(prenominal) differences amid the 2 cultures and their forms of communicating are the use of expressive dialogue (greetings in particular) and the expectations based on status differences.In American culture, deal rely a great deal on the use of expression, specifically person (someone they have antecedently met) without the use of their body or amplify nervus facialis features, it would some credibly be very difficult or closely impossible. In America we often times greet others with a hug, a large smile, and mayhap a handshake specific to our relationship. The American culture values expression within our parley from origin to end, an aspect that differs with that of the Ecuadorian culture. In Ecuador, populate are more or less subdued with the use of acti ons and expressions, producing a more subtle greeting.Even concourse who are very harebrained and happy to see one another(prenominal) allow be more titular and calm, or so often extending middling a cordial handshake. In Ecuador it has been agnisely state that thither is a squiffy vertical expression end-to-end not except the home and by dint of the community. This differs greatly from America, the demean of e feature. If a muliebrity in Ecuador was to be told she cant do something because of her gender (especially if told from her husband) she would about in all likelihood take to this as an comprehensible explanation.However, if an American fair sex was told that something was being withheld from her plain because of her gender she would intimately belike sue the phoner or individual for discrimination. This difference is overly very unpatterned in the school systems. Children in America give a degree of respect towards their teachers, solely as they move on the respect seems to dwindle until student/teacher relationships travel so casual that they are implementing their own handshake upon greeting, and analyze plans for the forthcoming weekend. In Ecuador, respect is expected even more so as you advance.Students give check cultism to their teachers and would not even consider crisscross any dubitable behavioral or talk boundaries. Clearly, Ecuador and America have some clear cultural differences, moreover those differences are what make each country unique. The differences between the 2 cultures do not have to serve as a boundary, just now rather a brace if researched and dealt with properly. both human beings are alike. As categorical explained, one of the sterling(prenominal) mis viewings is the quality of life (materially) in both countries.Both countries have citizenry who are rich, and commonwealth who are poor. In both countries people join to their families, work to nurse themselves and love ones, and most importantly, people in both countries all need some source of discourse to survive. The key is broaden our knowledge base about what communication is not only in our own culture, but around the world. approach path to understand and appreciate the respective(a) values found in other cultures bequeath not gulf us from one another, but volition make world-wide communication stronger and more effective.